Working principle of camera module
2020-03-30
A camera module is a complex system that integrates optical, mechanical, electrical, software, and hardware. The production process requires a high level of cooperation and technical mastery of each process part. The principle and process of the module will be briefly described below.
Camera moduleThe light that captures the scene passes through the lens, and then the resulting optical image is projected onto the image sensor. The optical signal of an optical image is converted into an electrical signal by a photodiode. At this time, the obtained electrical signal is an analog signal, which is then converted into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital conversion circuit (A/D), and the signal is initially processed and output. The data obtained at this point is RAW data. For example, it is equivalent to the film we get from previous film photos. The data is then processed by the ISP. It is equivalent to processing film and finally converting it into an RGB image that can be seen on the screen of a mobile phone.
A lens is an optical device that is imaged by a camera's camera module. Typically, resin aspheric lenses are used. The black material is usually made of PC material. White materials are usually made of resin materials, such as APL OKP4. The function of the lens is to present an image of an object to an image sensor. The main parameters are: focal length, object distance, image distance, aperture F/N, TTL (distance from the lens end to the imaging surface of the chip), FOV, etc.
Camera moduleA lens can only consist of one lens, but due to optical reasons, the imaging of a single lens inevitably produces a series of aberration problems, such as chromatic aberration, spherical aberration, comet aberration, astigmatism, etc., especially at the edges, imaging difference, and a lot. The combination of the two lenses can correct for aberrations to some extent. Therefore, the lens of our mobile phone camera usually includes 3P, 4P, 5P, etc. according to different requirements.
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